Usool e Muhaddiseen Mukhtasar Information share by Deeneislamfk

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             (السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ)

Assalam Alaikum Wa-rehmatullah wa-barakatuhu

Usool Al-Hadith o Usool Bator Sunnat 

( Riwayat Nabwi ﷺ / Ahadees ki Toseeq o Tashreeh ki Science )

Usool Al-Hadith, Jaisay "Buniyad Nabwi ﷺ" bhi kaha Jata hai Hadees ki Taleef, Tahaffuz, Darja Bandi, Eslehaath aur Tashreeh ka Mutalea hain, aur Ulma e Muhaddiseen, Jamur Muhaddiseen ke Aqwaal Asma o Rijal ke Science etc.

Mere Nazdeek Yeh Aik Ahem Tareen Mauzo hain Jaisay Samajhney ke liye Tamam Musalmanoon ko Waqt Guzaarne ki Zaroorat hain.

Aksar Ahadees ki Kitabon mein Ahadees ko Jama Kiya Gaya hain. un mein se Aik Feesad Mustand (Authentic) hain Aur Aik Feesad nahi (Un-authentic). Yeh Science Hamein Sahih Ahadees se Zaeef aur Manngharat Ahadees ki Shanakht mein Madad deti hain.

isliye is Maidan mein Buniyadi Feham Peda Karne ke Baad Aap ko Maloom Hoga ke Ummat mein Ziyada Tar ikhtilafat un Riwayat ki Wajah se Hain Jo Zaeef aur Ghair Mustand (Un-authentic) hain. ishi Tarah Tareekh (History) ki Bohat si Kitabon mein Baaz Aisay Waqeat ka Hawala diya gaya hai Jin ki Sanad Kamzor hain aur Woh Musalmanoon ke Andar Nazaa ka Baais Bantay hain aur Ghair Musalmanoon ke sath Behas ka Mauzo bhi Bantay hain.

is ke ilawa kuch log Aisay hain Jo Mukammal Tor par is Hadees ko radd Karte hain Jo Khud quran ke Sakht Khilaaf hain.

is liye mein is Ahem Mauzo ka kisi Mustand (Authentic) Islami Askalr se 

Mutalea Karne ki Takeed Karta hu. 

جَزَاكَ ٱللَّٰهُ خَيْرًا 

Usool e Muhaddiseen pe Hadees ko Samajhne ke liye kuch Kash Lafz Aur Important Rules hain Jiske Jariye Hum Hadees ki Authentic aur Un-authentic Riwayat aur Hadees ko Samajh Sakhte hain.

Jarah o Tadil Kisse Kehte hain?

Jarah : Kisi Ravi Ke Uppar Jarah Yeh Hoti Hain ki koi Uski Burai ko Bayan Kare Ki Yeh Kabil e Aythebar Nhi hain.

Tadil : Uski Adalat ko koi Qayam karde ki Yeh Hain ki Koi Uske Liye Gawahi de ki Yeh Sachcha Admi hai Iski Baat Qubool Karein, Insaab Pasand hain Iski Baat Qubool ki Ja Sakti hain.

Nasikh o Mansukh Kisse Kehte hain?

Nasikh : Nasikh Woh Hoti hai ki Jo Final Hukum hain usko established karti hain aur uske Wajah se Koi Purana Hukum Khatam hora kardiya jata hain.

Mansukh : Mansukh Woh Hoti hai ki Kisi Purane Hukum ko Change Kar diya Jaye Yani us Hukum ke badle Naye Hukum Established kiya Jaye.

Tehqeem o Taqreez Kisse Kehte hain?

Tehqeem : Tehqeem Kehte hai Hukum Lagane ko Sahi Aur Zaeef ka.

Taqreez : Taqreez kehte hai Nikalne ko, Jaise Ke Mishkat mai Humko Alag Alag Books ki Hadees Milti hai Jo Sheikh Zubair Sahab ne Bukhari Muslim Jaise Kitabo se Le kar Mishkat mai likha hain, Isko Kehte hai Taqreez.

Asma o Rijal Kisse Kehte hain?

Asma o Rijal : Asma o Rijal 1 Naam (1 Ilm) Device kiya Gaya Hain Ki Woh Mard jo Hadees se Riwayat karte hain unke Bare Main Jarah o Tadil ki Jati hain isko Asma o Rijal ka ilm kehte hain. Aur kuch Ravi Aise Bhi Hote hai ki unka Naam Milta Julta hota hain aur kuch Rawiyo ke Baap Dada-o ka Naam Milta Julta hota hain.

Maudhu o Mangarkh Kisse Kehte hain?

Maudu ki Tareef Mann-gharat aur Jealsaazi ke tor par ki Jyati hain, woh istilaah Jo kisi Hadees par laago hoti hain, Jis ka Matan Nabi ﷺ ke Aqval ke Qaim kardah Usoolon ke Khilaaf ho, Ya us ke Bayan karne walon mein Jhutay Shaamil ho usko Maudu o Mangarkh Hadees Kehte hain.

Tadlees o Mudallis Kisse Kehte hain?

Tadlees/Mudallis Dono 1 Terms hain aur Yeh Hoti hain ki Koi Muhaddiseen Hadees Bayan karte huye Apne Ustaad ke Naam ko Chupa le aur Direct Us Ustaad ka Naam le Jisse Hadees uske Ustaad ne li ho, Yani Bichke Rawi ko Gayab kardene wali Hadees.

Aur Imaam Muslim ne Farmaya hain Tadlees/Mudallis ki Ann Wali Riwayat Sama ki Tasreek ke Bagair (Zaeef hain ).

Ann : us Hadees ko Bolte hain ki Hadees Bayan Karte Waqt Rawi (Lafz Ann Bole).

Sama ki Tasreek ka Milne se Murad : Rawi Hadees Bayan karte huye Bole Akbarna, Hadesana.

Jaise ke Jamia Tirmizi ki: 257 Hadees main Ann se Riwayat hain Jo Sama ki Tasreek ke Bagair hain.

Tabi aur Taba Tabi ki Riwayat?

Tabi ki Qual (Riwayat) ki Koi Aymiyat nhi aur Tabi ki Mursal ki Koi Aymiyat nhi Jab Tak Woh Sahaba ki Chain Mukammal na Karde aur Nabi ﷺ Tak Sabit na Karde, aur in Hadeeso ko Asma o Rijal ke Mutabik Samjha Jata hain Sahih aur Zaeef hone ke Aythebar se.

SAHIH HADEES KI AQSAAM DARJAAT (KUTUB-E-HADEES MEIN PAYEE JANE KE AITEBAAR SE).

MUTTAFAQ AALEH : Wo hadees jo sahih bukhari aur sahih muslim dono mein payee jaye muttafaq aaleh kehlati hai aur sehat ke sab se aala darje par hoti hai.

AFRAADI BUKHARI : har Wo hadees jo sahih bukhari mein payee jaye aur sahih muslim mein na payee jaye.

AFRAADI MUSLIM : har Wo hadees jo sahih muslim mein payee jaye aur sahih bukhari mein na payee jaye.

SAHIHUN AALA SHARTIHIMAA : Wo hadees jo sahih bukhari wa sahih muslim dono mein na payee jaye lekin dono aaimma ki sharait ke mutabiq sahih ho.

SAHIHUN AALA SHARTIL BUKHARI : Wo hadees jo imam bukhari ki Sharait ke mutabiq sahih ho magar sahih bukhari mein maujood na ho.

SAHIHUN AALA SHARTI MUSLIM : Wo hadees jo imam muslim ki Sharait ke mutabiq sahih ho magar sahih muslim mein maujood na ho.

SAHIHUN AALA SHARTI GAIRIHIMAA : Wo hadees jo imam bukhari wa imam muslim ke ilawa digar Muhaddiseen ki sharait ke mutabiq sahih ho.

MARDOOD HADEES KI AQSAAM INQATAA SANAD KI WAJHE SE.

MUALLAQ : Wo hadees jis ki sanad ka ibtedai hissa ya saree sanad hi (amadan) hazaf kardi gayee ho.

MURSAL : Wo hadees jise tabayee bilawasta Rasoolullah Sallallahu Aalaihi Waaallam se bayaan kare.

MAUZAL : Wo hadees jis ki sanad ke darmiyaan se do ya do se ziyada rawi ekhatta hazaf ho.

MUQATIAA : Wo hadees jis ke sanad ke darmiyaan se ek ya ek se za'id rawi muqtalif maqamaat se hazaf ho.

MUDALLAS : Wo hadees jis ka rawi kisi wajhe se apne ustaad ya ustaad ke ustaad ka naam (ya taruf) chapayee lekin sunne walou ko ye tasir dey ke maine aisa nahi kiya, sanad muttasil hi hai, halanke is sanad mein rawiyo ki mulaqaat aur samaa tou sabit hota hai magar mutaliqa rawiyo ka samaa nahi hota.

MURSAL KHAFEE : Wo hadees jis ka rawi apne aise hum asar se riwayath kare jis se is ki mulaqaat sabit na ho.

MALOOL Ya MUALLAL : Wo hadees jo bazahir maqbool maloom hoti ho lekin is mein aisi poshida illat ya aib payaa jaye jo is se gair maqbool bana dey, is oyoob wa ilal ka pata chalana mahirin-e-fan hi ka kaam hain.

MARDOOD HADEES KI AQSAAM RAWIYO KE AADAL (Jule) NA HONE KI WAJHE SE.

RIWAYATUL MUBTADI'A : Wo hadees jis ka rawi Bidat-e-Mukaffara qail wa fa'il ho lekin aagar rawi ki bidat mukaffara na ho aur wo aadal wa zabit bhi ho tou phir is ki riwayath mautabar hogee yaad rahe Bidat-e Mukaffara (kafir banane wali bidat) se irtaad lazim aata hai.

RIWAYATUL FASIQ : Wo hadees jis ka rawi kabeera gunhaou ka murtakib ho lekin had-e-kufr ko na pouhche.

MATROOK : Wo hadees jis ka rawi aam bol chaal mein jhoot bolta ho aur Muhaddiseen ne is ki riwayath ko qubool karne se inkaar katdiya ho.

MAUZOO : Wo hadees jis ke rawi ne kisi mauqe par hadees ke mamle mein jhoot bola ho, aise rawi ki har riwayath ko mauzoo (Mann-gharakh) kehte hain.

MARDOOD HADEES KI AQSAAM RAWI KE ZABIT NA HONE KI WAJHE SE.

MUSAHAF : Wo hadees jis ke kisi lafz ki zahiri shakal durust ho magar nuqtaou, harkaat ya sukoon wagaira ke badalne se is ka talaffuz badal gaya ho.

MAQLOOB : Wo hadees jis ke alfaaz mein rawi ki bhool se taqdeem wa taqeer waqai hogayee ho ya sanad mein ek rawi ki jagha dusra rawi rakaha gaya ho.

MUDRAJ : Wo hadees jis mein kisi jagha rawi ka apna kalaam amdan ya sihawan darj ho jaye aur is par alfaaz-e-hadees hone ka shak hota ho.

AL MAZEED FEE MUTTASILI ASANID : Jab do rawi ek hi sanad bayaan kare, un mein ek siqa aur dusra ziyada siqa ho. aagar siqa rawi is sanad mein ek rawi ka izafa bayaan kare tou is ki riwayath ko mazeed fee muttasili asanid kehte hai.

SHAAZ : Wo hadees jis ka rawi maqbool (siqa ya sudooq) ho aur aur bayaan-e-hadees mein apne se ziyada siqa ya apne jaise behat siqa rawiyo ki muqalifat kare (shaaz ke bil muqabil hadees ko mehfooz kehte hai)

MUNKAR : Wo hadees jis ka rawi zaeef ho aur bayaan-e-hadees mein ek se ziyada siqa rawiyo muqalifat kare (munkar ke bil muqabil hadees ko maroof kehte hai)

RIWAYATU SAI'EE'AL HIFZ : Wo hadees jis ka rawi Sai'ee'al Hifz, yane paidaishi taur par kamzor hafeze wala ho.

RIWAYATU KASEERIL GAFLAH : Wo hadees jis ka rawi shadeed gaflat ya kaseer galtiyo ka murtakib ho.

RIWAYATU FAHISHIL GHALAT : Wo hadees jis ke rawi se fahas qisam ki ghaltiya sarsad ho.

RIWAYATUL MUQTALIT : Wo hadees jis ka rawi bodhape ya kisi hadse ki wajhe se yaddash kho baithaye ya is ki tehreer karda aahadees zaya hi jaye.

MUZTARIB : Wo hadees jis ki sanad ya matn mein rawiyo ka aisa aqtilaaf waqai ho jo hal na ho sake.

MARDOOD HADEES KI AQSAAM RAWIYO KE MAJHOOL HONE KI WAJHE SE.

RIWAYATUL MAJHOLIL AAEEN : Wo hadees jis ka rawi majholil aaeen ho, yane is ke mutaliq aaima-e-fan ka koi aisa tabsara na milta ho jis se ke is ke siqa ya zaeef hone ka pata chal sake aur is se riwayath karne wala bhi sirf ek hi shagird ho jis ke baisht is ki shakshiyat majhool teharti ho.

RIWAYATU MAJHOLIL HAAL : Wo hadees jis ka rawi majholil haal ho, yane is ke mutaliq aaima-e-fan ka koi tabsara na milta ho is se riwayath karne wale kul do aadmi ho jis ke baisht is ki shakshiyat maloom aur halat majhool teharti ho, aise rawi ko *MASTOOR* : bhi kehte hai.

MUBHAM : Wo hadees jis ki sanad mein kisi rawi ke naam ki sarahat na ho.

...Allahu'Aalam...

Aye Allah Hum sab ko Deen ka Sahih Faham aata kar aur Hummare gunhaou ko Maaf Farma. 

آمیـــــــــــــن يَا رَبَّ الْعَالَمِيْن